Abstract
The one-dimensional gravity wave model (GWM) is the result of ignoring the convection term in the Saint-Venant Equations (SVEs), and has the characteristics of fast numerical calculation and low stability requirements. To study its performances and limitations in 1D dam-break flood, this paper verifies the model using a dam-break experiment. The experiment was carried out in a large-scale flume with depth ratios (initial downstream water depth divided by upstream water depth) divided into 0 and 0.1~0.4. The data were collected by image processing technology, and the hydraulic parameters, such as water depth, flow discharge, and wave velocity, were selected for comparison. The experimental results show that the 1D GWM performs an area with constant hydraulic parameters, which is quite different from the experimental results in the dry downstream case. For a depth ratio of 0.1, the second weak discontinuity point, which is connected to the steady zone in the 1D GWM, moves upstream, which is contrary to the experimental situation. For depth ratios of 0.2~0.4, the moving velocity of the second weak discontinuity point is faster than the experimental value, while the velocity of the shock wave is slower. However, as the water depth ratio increases, the hydraulic parameters calculated by 1D GWM in the steady zone gradually approach the experimental value.
Highlights
The dam-breaking flood problem has been of wide concern in academic and engineering circles due to its importance and complexity; once the dam fails, it will cause huge numbers of casualties and property losses [1,2,3]
Because the current test results are obtained under very simplified conditions, and for more complicated cases, further experiments or numerical simulation studies are needed in future, but at present we can draw the following conclusions: (1)
The calculated result of the 1D gravity wave model (GWM) is very different from the experimental value for dry bed downstream
Summary
The dam-breaking flood problem has been of wide concern in academic and engineering circles due to its importance and complexity; once the dam fails, it will cause huge numbers of casualties and property losses [1,2,3]. Ritter derived a theoretical solution of the dam-breaking flood problem in a rectangular prismatic channel that has a flat bottom and no resistance with a dry bed downstream [4]. Based on Ritterâs solution, Stoker derived the theoretical solution of instantaneous dam failure in the rectangular prismatic channel for stationary water downstream [5]. Hunt derived an approximate solution for the dam failure of a rectangular prismatic channel in the case of a declining bottom [6]. Actual river channels are mostly irregular, and their cross-sections cannot be simplified into rectangles. Wang et al derived an analytical solution for the collapse of a prismatic channel with an arbitrary cross-sectional shape under a tilted channel [7]. Since the current analytical model is still quite simplified compared to actual situations, it is necessary to conduct much experimental
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