Assessing the ability of a short fluorinated antifreeze glycopeptide and a fluorinated carbohydrate derivative to inhibit ice recrystallization

Abstract

A short fluorinated antifreeze glycopeptide ( 2) was synthesized and evaluated for ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity. The activity of 2 was compared to native biological antifreeze AFGP 8 and a rationally designed C-linked AFGP analogue (OGG-Gal, 1). In addition, a simple fluorinated galactose derivative was prepared and its IRI activity was compared to non-fluorinated compounds. The results from this study suggest that the stereochemistry at the anomeric position in the carbohydrate plays a role in imparting ice recrystallization inhibition activity and that incorporation of hydrophobic groups such as fluorine atoms cause a decrease in IRI activity. These observations are consistent with the theory that fluorine atoms increase ordering of bulk water resulting in a decrease of IRI activity, supporting our previously proposed mechanism of ice recrystallization inhibition.