Abstract
Quantitative approaches to measuring and assessing terrestrial ecosystem resilience, which expresses the ability of an ecosystem to recover from disturbances without shifting to an alternative state or losing function and services, is critical and essential to forecasting how terrestrial ecosystems will respond to global change. However, global and continuous terrestrial resilience measurement is fraught with difficulty, and the corresponding attribution of resilience dynamics is lacking in the literature. In this study, we assessed global terrestrial ecosystem resilience based on the long time-series GLASS LAI product and GIMMS AVHRR LAI 3g product, and validated the results using drought and fire events as the main disturbance indicators. We also analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of global terrestrial ecosystem resilience and attributed their dynamics to climate change and environmental factors. The results showed that arid and semiarid areas exhibited low resilience. We found that evergreen broadleaf forest exhibited the highest resilience (mean resilience value (from GLASS LAI): 0.6). On a global scale, the increase of mean annual precipitation had a positive impact on terrestrial resilience enhancement, while we found no consistent relationships between mean annual temperature and terrestrial resilience. For terrestrial resilience dynamics, we observed three dramatic raises of disturbance frequency in 1989, 1995, and 2001, respectively, along with three significant drops in resilience correspondingly. Our study mapped continuous spatiotemporal variation and captured interannual variations in terrestrial ecosystem resilience. This study demonstrates that remote sensing data are effective for monitoring terrestrial resilience for global ecosystem assessment.
Highlights
Terrestrial ecosystems face increasing pressure from both climate change and anthropogenic activities [1,2,3]
We observed whether the Leaf Area Index (LAI) anomalies and fire or drought were matched by varying the value of β
We found a huge uncertainty of mean annual precipitation (MAP) impact on terrestrial resilience between resilience from Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) LAI and resilience from GIMMS Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) LAI 3g when MAP rose above 3000 mm
Summary
Terrestrial ecosystems face increasing pressure from both climate change and anthropogenic activities [1,2,3]. As many environmental components are changing, it is less likely that an ecosystem will remain unaffected. Explaining the trends and processes of ecosystem changes within the context of large-scale alterations of environmental conditions constitutes a research priority of global relevance [4,5]. Many studies have quantified terrestrial ecosystem resilience using in-situ data [9,10,11,12,13]. Field-measurement-based studies can have high accuracy and reliability. These methods have been applied mainly at the regional scale, and global resilience measurement is almost absent from the literature
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