Assessing snacking and drinking behavior in Real-Life Settings: Validation of the SnackBox technology

Abstract

BackgroundUnderstanding snacking behavior and its determinants is crucial in addressing modern dietary patterns. However, existing methods, such as self-reports and controlled laboratory studies, exhibit limitations in reliability capturing snacking and drinking behavior in real-life settings. This study aimed to validate the SnackBox, a novel technology designed to objectively assess snacking behavior with minimal user effort and researcher interference. MethodsThe SnackBox, capable of storing three different snacks or beverages, automatically measured the quantity consumed (in grams) and the time of consumption. Forty-eight office workers (29 female, mean age = 28.8, SD = 4.1) used the SnackBox at their workplace and home over a two-week period, recording their snack consumption. On measurement days, participants completed 5-hour dietary recalls through a mobile application. Ad libitum portions of snacks and beverages were provided, and post-study measurements of leftovers determined true consumption. ResultsThe SnackBox demonstrated higher reliability (ICC = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.72 – 1.85) in estimating consumed snack quantities compared to the 5-hour dietary recall application (ICC = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45 – 0.70). Participants rated the SnackBox's usability (M = 0.84, SD = 0.88) significantly higher than that of the self-report app (M = -0.58, SD = 0.98) (p <.001). ConclusionThe SnackBox is a valid and low-burden tool for assessing snacking and drinking behavior in real-life settings. Its objective data collection surpasses self-reports, offering insights into snacking quantities. This has the potential to advance our understanding and interventions for healthier dietary habits.