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Abstract
ObjectiveTo describe the overall sleep health of the Catalan population using data from the 2015 Catalan Health Survey and to compare the performance of two sleep health indicators: sleep duration and a 5-dimension sleep scale (SATED).MethodsMultistage probability sampling representative of the non-institutionalized population aged 15 or more years, stratified by age, gender and municipality size, was used, excluding nightshift-workers. A total of 4385 surveys were included in the analyses. Associations between sleep health and the number of reported chronic diseases were assessed using non-parametric smoothed splines. Differences in the predictive ability of age-adjusted logistic regression models of self-rated health status were assessed. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess SATED determinants.ResultsOverall mean (SD) sleep duration was 7.18 (1.16) hours; and SATED score 7.91 (2.17) (range 0–10), lower (worse) scores were associated with increasing age and female sex. Alertness and efficiency were the most frequently impaired dimensions across age groups. SATED performed better than sleep duration when assessing self-rated health status (area under the curve = 0.856 vs. 0.798; p-value <0.001), and had a linear relationship with the number of reported chronic diseases, while the sleep duration relationship was u-shaped.ConclusionsSleep health in Catalonia is associated with age and gender. SATED has some advantaged compared to sleep duration assessment, as it relates linearly to health indicators, has a stronger association with self-rated health status, and provides a more comprehensive assessment of sleep health. Therefore, the inclusion of multi-dimensional sleep health assessment tools in national surveys should be considered.
Highlights
Research in sleep medicine has classically focused on sleep disorders, rather than on the study and promotion of sleep health
Sleep health in Catalonia is associated with age and gender
Short sleep duration has been associated with obesity [1], diabetes [2], hypertension [3,4], coronary heart diseases [5,6], cerebrovascular diseases [7], cancer [7,8] and even all-cause mortality [9]
Summary
Research in sleep medicine has classically focused on sleep disorders, rather than on the study and promotion of sleep health. Over the past few years, numerous studies have evaluated specific sleep characteristics in relation to the occurrence of chronic diseases and overall health. Short sleep duration has been associated with obesity [1], diabetes [2], hypertension [3,4], coronary heart diseases [5,6], cerebrovascular diseases [7], cancer [7,8] and even all-cause mortality [9]. There are increasing number of studies examining other sleep dimensions, such as timing or quality. Due to alternating shift work, have been related to hypertension progression [11] and diabetes onset [12]. Poor subjective sleep quality has been associated with worse quality of life [13] and increased carotid atherosclerosis [14], and self-reported disturbed sleep has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in women [15]
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