Assessing Shrub Patch Characteristics and Soil Nutrient Distribution Patterns of Four Typical Alpine Shrub Plants in the Eastern Qilian Mountains

Abstract

Shrub patches have an impact on soil fertility and vegetation, influencing species composition and diversity. The unique context of the Eastern Qilian Mountains provides insights into alpine ecosystems’ responses to environmental challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics and soil nutrient contents of shrub patches for four different shrub species (Salix oritrepha (SO), Spiraea alpina (SA), Rhododendron capitatum (RC), and Potentilla fruticosa (PF)). We assessed their patch characteristics and soil nutrients at different depths within three patch microsites (the center (CS), the edge (ES), and the midpoint between the center and the edge of the shrub patch (BC)). Soil samples were collected and analyzed for organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate differences among shrub species and locations within the shrub patches. Our results showed that the shrub species exhibited variations in patch characteristics and soil nutrient distribution. Soil nutrient content varied by depth and location within the shrub patches, with higher concentrations at the center. The relative interaction intensity (RII) revealed nutrient aggregation or dispersion trends. The study highlighted the complex interactions between shrub characteristics and soil nutrients, emphasizing their influence on nutrient cycling, vegetation dynamics, and soil properties. These findings contribute to our understanding of alpine ecosystem dynamics and inform conservation, sustainability, and management strategies.