Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process involved in the risk, maintenance, and relapse of serious conditions including mood disorders, anxiety, eating disorders, and addictions. Processing mode theory provides a theoretical model to assess, research, and treat RNT using a transdiagnostic approach. Clinical researchers also often employ categorical approaches to RNT, including a focus on depressive rumination or worry, for similar purposes. Three widely used self-report questionnaires have been developed to assess these related constructs: the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ), and the Mini-Cambridge Exeter Repetitive Thought Scale (Mini-CERTS). Yet these scales have not previously been used in conjunction, despite useful theoretical distinctions only available in Mini-CERTS. The present validation of the methods in a Polish speaking population provides psychometric parameters estimates that contribute to current efforts to increase reliable replication of theoretical outcomes. Moreover, the following study aims to present particular characteristics and a comparison of the three methods. Although there has been some exploration of a categorical approach, the comparison of transdiagnostic methods is still lacking. These methods are particularly relevant for developing and evaluating theoretically based interventions like concreteness training, an emerging field of increasing interest, which can be used to address the maladaptive processing mode in RNT that can lead to depression and other disorders. Furthermore, the translation of these measures enables the examination of possible cross-cultural structural differences that may lead to important theoretical progress in the measurement and classification of RNT. The results support the theoretical hypothesis. As expected, the dimensions of brooding, general repetitive negative thinking, as well as abstract analytical thinking, can all be classified as unconstructive repetitive thinking. The particular characteristics of each scale and potential practical applications in clinical and research are discussed.
Highlights
Since the early nineties, the number of research papers on repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in clinical psychology has constantly grown
Sample 3 Participants (n = 107; 10 male, 97 female) filled in only the Polish-language (n = 60), or both Polish-language and Englishlanguage versions (n = 106, for the participants who selfevaluated their proficiency in English as fluent and fulfilled the same prerequisites mentioned in Sample 1) of one, two or three questionnaires (106 participants for the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS)-R, 116 participants for the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) and 113 participants for the MiniCERTS)
The results of the current study provide information on the psychometric parameters of each questionnaire (RRS-R, PTQ, Mini-CERTS)
Summary
The number of research papers on repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in clinical psychology has constantly grown. International instruments for the assessment of RNT such as those in Poland are very poorly developed or nonexistent, compared with the other countries conducting experimental and clinical research on this process despite this growing interest in both the Polish and international communities. Several transdiagnostic methods were developed almost simultaneously (e.g., Mini-CERTS, PTQ). Those methods were often compared to the already existing categorical measures of RNT but very rarely to each other. The present article compares three scales, including a classic tool to evaluate depressive rumination (RRS) and two newly developed transdiagnostic tools. To our knowledge, this is the first research linking two transdiagnostic scales
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