Abstract
The paper is written with an objective of understanding female criminality with special reference to a case study of Varanasi District jail containing almost eightythree under trial and convicted prisoners. The aim of the paper is to compare the de- facto condition of women prisoners with the de- jure provisions mentioned in U.P. Jail manual. Since the jail manuals are framed in the light of Prison Act, 1894, several suggestions have been given for reformation in jail by making amendments in the provision of Prison Act, 1894 and Model Prison Act, 2003. The paper also attempts to compare the U.P. Jail manual with the provisions of Model Prison Act, 2003with special reference to women prisoners, so that viable suggestions can be made to improve and reform the condition of women prisoners.
Highlights
There are some issues which always demand a particular method of study so that the theme could be understood properly
Feminism[3], as a method of study[4], when applied in the field of criminology certainly puts forward something, which is hidden in the main text and even if written, those go are gender biased, reflect prejudiced mindset and bear 'male’, ‘sexist’ or ‘gendered[5] notion
The major contradiction between liberal and radical criminology is that the liberal feminist criminologists opine that women criminality should be dealt with sameness approach
Summary
There are some issues which always demand a particular method of study so that the theme could be understood properly. The contradictions between liberal and radical feminist approach become very relevant to discern an approach towards female offenders and women in criminal justice system. The radical feminist scholars attack upon gendered notion and emphasise upon previous victimization of women offenders as a central issue. They advocate for replacement of men by women in position of power in general, and in criminal justice system in particular. In his book on The Unadjusted Girl[8], Thomas shifted his position on female criminality in two directions He argued that female delinquency was normal under certain circumstances if given certain assumptions about the nature of women. He failed to consider that female criminals often were poor or were women who had stepped outside of chauvinistic, class-ist, and racist definitions of women’s proper roles[12]
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