Abstract
During hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production, compounds toxic for fermentation are formed. Ten nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes with low molecular weight cut-off (150–400gmol−1) were screened on a flat-sheet plant for their ability to separate C5 and C6 sugars from acetic acid, furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and vanillin in a model solution. RO led to the highest sugars rejection (>97%) but inhibitors transmission was low. NF membranes, especially NF270, NF- and NF245 (Dow) and DK (GE Osmonics) were found suitable for detoxification with glucose rejection >94% and inhibitors transmission >80%. At high Volume Reduction Ratio, VRR, transmission of inhibitors was still enhanced (>96% at VRR=8 and 10bars). In these conditions, NF270 gave the highest permeate flux (20Lh−1m−2) followed by DK, NF- and NF245. However, DK and NF- could be preferred because of lower sugar loss.
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