Assessing Mutagenicity of Methanolic Exteract of Abrus precatorius Seeds using Ames Bioassay

Abstract

Abrus precatorius seeds contain toxin abrin which inhibits protein synthesis and leading to cell death. This plant has Cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects. So, in this study, mutagnicity of methanolic seed extract of this plant was investigated using Ames test. The seeds were powdered and then maceration extracted with methanol for 48 h. Extract was analyzed for aflatoxin B1 and histidine contamination with TLC and MIC determined by broth dilution method. The test was performed using strain TA100). The genotypes was confirmed by presence of hisG46 Mutation, R factor plasmid and crystal violet sensitivity test. TA100 carries mutations in genes involved in histidine synthesis, so that it requires histidine for growth. Tests were performed with 4 concentrations 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mg mL-1 (concentrations less than 0.1 MIC), negative control (methanol), positive control (NaN3), in the absence and presence of a rat liver metabolizing system. No increase in bacteria growth in the histidine-free medium was observed. In conclusion, Abrus precatorius was not genotoxic in Ames test. However, it is likely that the Abrus precatorius maybe inducing gonotoxicity at high concentrations. Thus, it is necessary to pay close attention while utilizing its products.