Abstract
Life-space mobility (LSM), as the extent of mobility within one's environment, is akey for successful aging and has become arelevant concept in gerontology and geriatric research. Adequate assessment instruments are needed to identify older persons with LSM restrictions, and to initiate, adapt or evaluate intervention strategies. To systematically identify, describe and analyze the psychometric properties of LSM questionnaires, with aspecial focus on their availability in the German language. Asystematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Studies that examined at least one psychometric property of LSM questionnaires published up to August 2021 were included and evaluated based on the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. This study included 37 validation studies describing 13 different LSM questionnaires. Methodological quality and comprehensiveness of validations were heterogeneous. Based on comprehensive and high-quality results, four LSM questionnaires stood out: the University of Alabama at Birmingham life-space assessment (UAB-LSA), life-space assessment in persons with cognitive impairment (LSA-CI), interview-based and proxy-based versions of the life-space assessment in institutionalized settings (LSA-IS), all of them available in the German language. This systematic review provides aconcise overview of available LSM questionnaires and their psychometric properties to facilitate the selection for use in clinical practice and research. The UAB-LSA and LSA-CI for community settings and the interview-based or proxy-based LSA-IS for institutional settings were found to be the most appropriate LSM questionnaires.
Highlights
Mobility is a key factor for successful aging
The use of instruments validated in the appropriate language and cultural setting represents a mandatory methodological criterion, which has so far not been documented for life-space mobility (LSM) questionnaires in the German language
Nine questionnaires have initially been developed for community-dwelling older persons (LSD, life-space questionnaire (LSQ), University of Alabama at Birmingham life-space assessment (UAB-Life -Space Assessment– assessment via proxies (LSA)), LSA-F, life-space assessment in persons with cognitive impairment (LSA-CI) and map-based life-space assessment (MBA)) [12, 14–16, 18–21, 24], with three of them focusing on persons having difficulties in going outdoors (HBMA, life-space mobility at home (LSH) and home-based life-space assessment (Hb-LSA)) [18–20], one for power mobility device users (LSA companion) [16], and three for institutionalized older persons (NHLSD, life-space assessment in institutionalized settings (LSA-IS) selfreport and proxy versions) [13, 22, 23]
Summary
Mobility is a key factor for successful aging. In clinical practice and research, assessing mobility is important for identifying individuals at risk or with mobility limitations, developing and adapting intervention strategies, and evaluating intervention effectiveness. Assessment instruments on life-space mobility (LSM), defined as the spatial extent of movement in daily life, represents an extension of capacity-oriented mobility instruments by a behavioral perspective of habitual mobility performance in everyday life [3, 4]. Despite technical developments such as the global positioning system (GPS) to objectively measure life-space parameters [5], LSM has so far predominantly been assessed via questionnaires, allowing an easy to implement, low resource, highly accepted and valid assessment of com-. Conclusion: This systematic review provides a concise overview of available LSM questionnaires and their psychometric properties to facilitate the selection for use in clinical practice and research. The UAB-LSA and LSA-CI for community settings and the interview-based or proxy-based LSA-IS for institutional settings were found to be the most appropriate LSM questionnaires
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