Assessing Intense Physical Activity Among Smokers Via Using Smart Watch an Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Smoking is a well-known risk factor for various health conditions, particularly affecting cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Despite extensive research, the impact of smoking on physical performance during intense activity remains inadequately explored. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by examining the effects of smoking on physical activity and cardiovascular responses. Objective: The primary goal of this study was to assess the impact of smoking on intense physical activity, specifically focusing on differences in heart rate (HR) responses and physical endurance between smokers and non-smokers. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 30 participants (15 smokers and 15 non-smokers) were recruited. The study employed the Six-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) test, the Balke treadmill protocol, and the Ekblom-Bak test to evaluate physical performance. Heart rates were monitored using Garmin Vivismar4 smartwatches. Statistical analyses, including T-tests, were performed to compare the results between the two groups. Results: Smokers demonstrated a significantly lower distance covered in the 6MWD (0.22 ± 0.05 km) compared to non-smokers (0.26 ± 0.06 km). In the Balke treadmill and Ekblom-Bak tests, smokers showed a lower HR (94.8 ± 22.3 bpm and 94.6 ± 28.1 bpm, respectively) compared to non-smokers (143.2 ± 27.0 bpm and 139.9 ± 25.1 bpm). The findings suggest a compromised cardiovascular response and physical endurance in smokers. Conclusion: The study concludes that smoking adversely affects physical endurance and cardiovascular response during intense physical activity. These findings underscore the importance of considering smoking status in the assessment of physical fitness and highlight the need for further research on the long-term health implications of smoking.