Abstract
PurposeThe consumption of rice that contains high levels of inorganic arsenic may cause human health risk. This study aims to determine As species concentrations, particularly iAs, in raw rice in Ho Chi Minh (HCM) City and its health risks.Design/methodology/approachA total of 60 polished raw composite samples of rice were purchased from traditional markets and supermarkets in HCM City. All samples were analyzed by HPLC-ICPMS for As species determination.FindingsMean concentrations of inorganic arsenic in all samples, which were purchased from supermarket and traditional market, were 88.8 µg/kg and 80.6 µg/kg, respectively. Overall, inorganic arsenic level was 84.7 µg/kg and contributed the highest proportion of arsenic species in rice with 67.7%. The proportion profiles for arsenic species were: As (III) (60 %); dimethylarsinic acid (32.2 %); As (V) (7.7 %) and methylarsonic acid (0.1 %). Inorganic arsenic level in raw rice was below the recommendation of World Health Organization. Using the benchmark dose recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), all exposure doses were lower than BMDL05. However, as the doses ranged from 3.0 to 8.6 of Margin of Exposure (MOE), the health risk of iAs from rice consumption remains public health concern.Originality/valueThe study results report on the surveillance data of the presence of inorganic arsenic in raw rice products, which are available in the supermarkets and traditional markets, and its health risk to consumers in a metropolitan city in Vietnam.
Highlights
Arsenic (As) occurs ubiquitously, is prevalent in the environment and can enter the food system through contaminated soil or water
With a gap about As species concentration in rice from Mekong River Delta (MD) and the risk of Inorganic arsenic (iAs) in rice, this study aims to determine the As species level, iAs, in raw rice, and to assess the health risk of iAs through rice consumption of people in Ho Chi Minh (HCM) City
Materials and methods Sample collection and preparation of raw rice The study was designed at the consumer end, concerning the consumers’ purchasing behavior, it was assumed that people would purchase rice with different brands based on price, characteristics, sales promotion and quality
Summary
Arsenic (As) occurs ubiquitously, is prevalent in the environment and can enter the food system through contaminated soil or water. Inorganic As species are found to be more toxic than the organic form [1, 2]. Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a class 1 human carcinogen and is Journal of Health Research Vol 35 No 5, 2021 pp. Published in the Journal of Health Research. The full terms of this license may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
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