Assessing Gas Flaring Mitigation Technologies in Nigeria: A Review of Existing Solutions and Future Trends

Abstract

Gas flaring remains a critical global issue with significant economic and environmental impacts. Despite ongoing efforts, Nigeria remains one of the top ten countries for gas flaring. This research assesses both advanced and existing technologies aimed at mitigating gas flaring in Nigeria, focusing on their viability, effectiveness, and environmental implications. The evaluation begins with gas re-injection techniques, which involve redirecting flared gas back into reservoirs to enhance oil recovery and reduce emissions. It also covers flare gas recovery systems that capture and re-purpose flared gas for energy production or other beneficial uses. Additionally, the potential of liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects to minimise flaring and monetise associated gas is explored. Furthermore, the study examines innovative approaches such as gas-to-methanol (GTM) conversion, which transforms flared gas into methanol, a valuable chemical feed-stock. The review also considers advanced methods like carbon capture and storage (CCS), which can absorb carbon emissions from flaring and mitigate its environmental impact. The assessment includes the integration of renewable energy sources as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-based energy generation to reduce reliance on flaring. Findings reveal that while progress has been made in reducing flaring volumes, challenges persist, particularly in regulatory enforcement, economic feasibility, and technological adoption. The review highlights the need for improved policy frameworks, increased investment in sustainable technologies, and international cooperation to achieve Zero Routine Flaring by 2030. This study provides valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers and industry stakeholders to enhance Nigeria’s environmental sustainability and economic resilience.