Abstract
The use of biological techniques such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can represent a sustainable alternative for cereal growth in tropical areas. Research showing the potential for management practices which optimize PGPB inoculation is of utmost importance. This research was developed to investigate the potential use of Azospirillum brasilense in wheat cropping systems, as well as to assess the potential synergistic interactions between the beneficial use of silicon (Si), principally under abiotic and biotic conditions, and A. brasilense forms of application and how they impact crop development and wheat yield. The study was set up in a Rhodic Hapludox under a no-till system. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with four replicates arranged in a factorial scheme with four inoculation forms (control, seed, groove, and leaf) and two soil acidity corrective sources (Ca and Mg silicate as Si source and dolomitic limestone). Seed inoculation was more effective in promoting wheat growth and development, with higher yield, showing an increase of 26.7% in wheat grain yield. Calcium and magnesium silicate application associated with foliar inoculation and without A. brasilense inoculation can increase wheat grain yield.
Highlights
Among the winter season cereals, wheat (Triticum aestivum) is considered to have great economic importance, with large productive capacity [1]
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of A. brasilense inoculation forms and Ca and Mg silicate application as an Si source on the nutritional and productive properties and wheat grain yield in Savannah conditions
The exact mechanisms underlying the plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) effect on wheat development were not evaluated in the present study, it is very likely that the improvement in leaf chlorophyll index (LCI) and N uptake (N foliar concentration and N root and shoot accumulation), reflected in the improved root and shoot dry matter, plant height, spike length, and grain yield by wheat inoculated with A. brasilense, is associated with its well-known ability to promote plant growth [4,13,19,48,49]
Summary
Among the winter season cereals, wheat (Triticum aestivum) is considered to have great economic importance, with large productive capacity [1]. The use of biological techniques such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can represent a sustainable alternative for cereal growth in tropical areas [4,5,6,7]. Several PGPB genera show associations with different species of agricultural importance, such as Azospirillum, Arthobacter, Azobacter, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Gluconacetobacter, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Streptomyces [8]. The use of these PGPB is growing, in Latin America, for different crops [4,9]. Azospirillum is considered one of the most studied plant growth-promoting genera [10]. An analysis of field trials that were conducted worldwide for over 20 years, where various non-legume crops were inoculated with Azospirillum spp. under different weather and soil conditions, concluded that crop yield can increase up to 30% [11]
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