Assessing Focused Antenatal Care Awareness and Utilization Among Pregnant Women in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Abstract

Focused antenatal care (FANC) is a newer and better approach to antenatal care for pregnant women than the traditional model. FANC emphasizes individual assessment and decision-making by both the provider and the pregnant woman, resulting in better health outcomes for both mother and baby. Despite the adoption of FANC care in Nigeria, maternal mortality indices have not significantly decreased. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and utilization of FANC among pregnant women in Nigeria, as well as the factors that influence its utilization. This study was conducted in Enugu, Nigeria, using the antenatal clinics of three major tertiary hospitals. A cross-sectional design was used, and a sample size of 300 pregnant women was selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The findings were presented using frequencies, tables, charts, and figures, and Fisher's exact test was used to determine the relationship between respondents' knowledge of focused antenatal care and their demographic factors. A study involving 300 pregnant women in Nigeria found that only 15% of them had heard of focused antenatal care (FANC) and just 7.3% had good knowledge of its components, which was attributed to the low level of education among the respondents (X2=16.68, p=0.001). Health talks during antenatal visits were the most common source of information on FANC. The study also revealed that late initiation of antenatal care (n=144, 48%) in current pregnancy and (n=106, 54.6%) among those previously pregnant, as well as insufficient attendance, were identified as risk factors for maternal mortality. Long waiting times (n=196, 65.3%) and overcrowded healthcare facilities (n=110, 36.7%) were the major causes of dissatisfaction with antenatal care services among the respondents. Pregnant women preferred delivering at tertiary hospitals or private hospitals due to the perceived better quality of care and personal preference. These findings could inform targeted interventions to improve knowledge and awareness of FANC among pregnant women, particularly those with lower levels of education. This study provides important insights into the low awareness and utilization of FANC among pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve knowledge and awareness of FANC. The study's findings have important implications for the development of maternal and child health policies and interventions aimed at improving the utilization of healthcare services during pregnancy and childbirth in Nigeria. Further research that includes qualitative methods could provide more nuanced information on pregnant women's experiences and perspectives on FANC.