Assessing Elevation-Based Forest Dynamics over Space and Time toward REDD+ MRV in Upland Myanmar

Abstract

Implementation of a measuring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) framework is essential for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, MRV can be regarded as an important mechanism to mitigate global warming. Upland Myanmar, with an elevation of ~80–2600 m, is experiencing tropical deforestation, which is commonly explained by the expansion of shifting cultivation. The vegetation change tracker algorithm, with its high-automation and wild-adaptation features, and the enhanced integrated forest z-score were applied in this elevation-based study of time series deforestation monitoring in upland Myanmar using data from 2003 to 2015. Four spatial patterns of deforestation, namely stripes, adjacent, filled, and staggered, were found in the research area. Moreover, our work showed that the center of elevation of deforestation was ~1000 m. Further analysis revealed that this center tended to shift to a higher elevation over time; a “golden cross”/changeover could be deciphered at ~1000 m, indicating that the scale and intensity of shifting cultivation continue to expand vertically. The results suggest the need to track the elevation-based signature of vegetation clearings to help achieve the goals of REDD+ at the regional level in tropical rainforest countries.