Abstract

The impact of photovoltaic power plants (PVs) on ambient temperature has received global research attention. However, existing reports predominantly focus on ground photovoltaic power plants (GPVs), with limited attention to water photovoltaic power plants (WPVs). As a new type of PVs, the influence of WPVs on nearby water surface temperature (WST) remains unclear. Utilizing 15 WPVs in China as case studies, this study assessed the effect of WPVs on nearby WST through remote sensing techniques. The findings revealed that WPVs have a significant heating effect (p < 0.001) on the WST in the nearby zone (0–120 m from the photovoltaic panels) compared to the distant water (120–240 m from the photovoltaic panels), indicating that WPVs can modify the thermal environment of adjacent water. Furthermore, we further found that the photovoltaic coverage ratio is significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated with the heating effect of WPVs on nearby WST. This paper highlights the effectiveness of remote sensing techniques in evaluating the impact of photovoltaics on surrounding WST. Considering the potential impact of the photovoltaic heating effect on the aquatic ecological environment, we recommend carefully considering the necessity and appropriate area proportion of WPVs in specific water.

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