Abstract
This report provides an update from the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sentinel Foods Surveillance Program, exploring changes in sodium and related nutrients (energy, potassium, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular, sodium-contributing, commercially processed and restaurant foods with added sodium. In 2010–2013, we obtained 3432 samples nationwide and chemically analyzed 1654 composites plus label information for 125 foods, to determine baseline laboratory and label sodium concentrations, respectively. In 2014–2017, we re-sampled and chemically analyzed 43 of the Sentinel Foods (1181 samples), tested for significant changes of at least ±10% (p < 0.05), in addition to tracking changes in labels for 108 Sentinel Foods. Our results show that the label sodium levels of a majority of the Sentinel Foods had not changed since baseline (~1/3rd of the products reported changes, with twice as many reductions as increases). Laboratory analyses of the 43 Sentinel Foods show that eight foods had significant changes (p < 0.05); sodium content continues to be high and variable, and there was no consistent pattern of changes in related nutrients. Comparisons of changes in labels and laboratory sodium shows consistency for 60% of the products, i.e., similar changes (or no changes) in laboratory and label sodium content. The data from this monitoring program may help public health officials to develop strategies to reduce and monitor sodium trends in the food supply.
Highlights
High sodium intake has been linked to increased chronic disease risk, especially for cardiovascular diseases [1,2,3]
Our results show that the label sodium levels of the majority of Sentinel Foods had not changed since baseline
This report provides an update of results from the federal inter-agency Sentinel Foods Surveillance
Summary
High sodium intake has been linked to increased chronic disease risk, especially for cardiovascular diseases [1,2,3]. More sodium than the recommended limit of less than 2300 mg/day in the 2015–2020 Dietary. Guidelines for Americans (DGA) [5], Healthy People 2020 [6], and the 2019 Dietary Reference. Intake level recommended for Chronic Disease Risk Reduction [1]. National and international public health agencies consider reducing sodium content of these. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1754 foods to be a cost-effective public health strategy [9,10,11]. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 2010 recommended gradual reduction in sodium content, mandatory targets for reducing sodium in these foods, and mechanisms to monitor sodium in the food supply [12].
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