Abstract
We have developed and investigated a novel optical approach, Laser Speckle Rheology (LSR), to evaluate a patient's coagulation status by measuring the viscoelastic properties of blood during coagulation. In LSR, a blood sample is illuminated with laser light and temporal speckle intensity fluctuations are measured using a high-speed CMOS camera. During blood coagulation, changes in the viscoelastic properties of the clot restrict Brownian displacements of light scattering centers within the sample, altering the rate of speckle intensity fluctuations. As a result, blood coagulation status can be measured by relating the time scale of speckle intensity fluctuations with clinically relevant coagulation metrics including clotting time and fibrinogen content. Our results report a close correlation between coagulation metrics measured using LSR and conventional coagulation results of activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and functional fibrinogen levels, creating the unique opportunity to evaluate a patient's coagulation status in real-time at the point of care.
Highlights
The normal coagulation process, termed hemostasis, is the body’s defense mechanism to prevent severe blood loss due to uncontrolled bleeding
In this study, we have investigated the capability of Laser Speckle Rheology (LSR) to evaluate blood coagulation status by estimating the viscoelastic properties of clotting blood in real-time from time-varying speckle intensity fluctuations
The results demonstrate that the temporal evolution of the speckle autocorrelation time constant, τ, during coagulation is closely associated with alterations in viscoelastic moduli measured by reference standard mechanical rheometry
Summary
The normal coagulation process, termed hemostasis, is the body’s defense mechanism to prevent severe blood loss due to uncontrolled bleeding. Coagulopathy, a condition in which blood coagulation is impaired, can result from a variety of conditions including severe trauma, illness or surgery [2, 3], and can cause life-threatening bleeding or thrombotic disorders. Deficient blood coagulation can lead to ‘hypocoagulable’ states resulting in prolonged or uncontrolled bleeding, which may cause severe anemia, shock and multiple organ failure [4, 5]. Coagulopathies may be inherited [7], occurring due to abnormalities in levels of coagulation factors and defective platelet function, or may be acquired due to chronic illness or the use of certain anti-inflammatory or anticoagulant agents further complicating clinical care [2, 8]
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