Assessing and monitoring the effects of land cover changes in biodiversity. Case study: Mediterranean coastal region, Sousse, Tunisia

Abstract

In the Mediterranean regions, habitat degradation, alteration, and even destruction were major causes of the rarefaction of species in their natural environment. In the last decade, these phenomena are further amplified by the reduction of natural vegetation cover, urban sprawl, and climate change. In addition, the degradation of plant cover through cropping, and intensive agricultural practices causes soil erosion, habitat destruction, and loss of biodiversity. While to reduce these risks, it is necessary to assess and monitor Land Use Land Cover changes that will be crucial information for managing natural resources and guiding decision-making processes in their development plans. This is the case of a Mediterranean coastal region, Sousse, Tunisia which is characterized by its landscape diversity and the richness enhanced by the coastal and marine fauna and flora. The methodology is based on the use of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System where different tools and functions have been employed such as Maximum Likelihood classification validated with field truth, thematic changes using classification change matrix, etc.The establishment of a multi-scalar landscape approach revealed changes in land use on a regional scale between 2007 and 2017. The landscape of Sousse region has been strongly modified by the action of Man where we note a significant growth of built-up areas and a regression of cultivated areas.From 11.84 % to 14.14 %, and from 28.83 % to 21.70 %; respectively. Hence, the growing risk of fragmentation of natural habitats, forests and agricultural areas.The development plan proposed in favor of biodiversity conservation offers a concrete example and can be useful for developing appropriate land use policy for sustainable region in Tunisia and similar Mediterranean regions. This is an essential study for all land use planning proposals as a guide to landscape conservation, enhancement and protection.