Abstract
It has been shown that eardrum reflection coefficients can be derived accurately up to 8 kHz based on standing wave patterns in the human ear canal, but not as reliably in higher frequencies [Lawton et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 1003 (1986)]. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate various factors affecting the accuracy of this type of measurements and extract important characteristics of ear canal and eardrum. In addition to reflection coefficients, eardrum impedance and the effect of loading on the eardrum are also examined. A model ear canal is constructed using a tube with variable loading conditions at one end. Measurements are taken along the center axis and contour of the tube when a stimulus is presented with frequency components up to 16 kHz, under both occluded and open situations. Results obtained from standing wave properties in the model ear canal are then compared to data acquired in real ear and in an ear simulator.
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