Abstract
Background: For postoperative pain relief after laparoscopic surgeries, intramuscular or intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids, infiltration at the incision site with local anesthetics, intraperitoneal infiltration of local anesthetics with adjuvants, epidurals and nerve blocks were in use. The study was aimed to assess the efficacy of intramuscular Tramadol and intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia, postoperative nausea, and vomiting following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
 Methods: This study included 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and ASA II patients of aged 18-60 years who were scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. 60 patients were classified randomly into two groups equally: Group T received 100 Mg of intramuscular tramadol and Group B received intraperitoneal instillation of 30 ml of plain bupivacaine. Time duration, postoperative pain, haemodynamics, nausea, vomiting, and time taken to rescue analgesia were noted.
 Results: The time for onset of analgesia was 6.51 ± 2.41min in group T and 7.61 ± 2.19 min in group B (p=0.039). The duration of analgesia was 2.37 ± 0.67 hours in group T and 3.65 ± 0.79 hours in group B (p=0.002). VAS Score was significantly lower in Group T than Group B at 1hr, 2hr, 4hr and 6hr (p <0.05). Intraperitoneal bupivacaine showed a significant reduction in postoperative pain for the first 6 hours postoperatively (P<0.05), and time taken to rescue analgesia requirement was prolonged (P<0.05). The rescue analgesia consumption of Paracetamol was 1.5 grams in group-B and 2.5 grams in group T (P<0.05) in 24 hr post-surgery. Nausea and vomiting were observed in 2 cases, and shoulder pain in one case in group T.
 Conclusion: Bupivacaine is effective in reducing postoperative pain, and it prolongs the requirement time for rescue analgesia after LC surgery. It also required less consumption of rescue analgesic without fluctuations in hemodynamics
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