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Abstract
The low-stress Solderjet Bumping technique was employed to assemble the optical components of an increased-robustness laser spark-plug ignition device using the low melting alloys 96.5Sn3Ag0.5Cu and 80Au20Sn. A finite-element-method analysis, optical simulations, and a soldering parametrization test were performed to prove that different optical materials (sapphire, ECO-550, D-ZLaF52LA, TAC4, and N-SF11 glasses) could be fastened to the stainless steel body. The assembled spark-plug device featured a passively Q-switched Nd : YAG/Cr4 + : YAG composite ceramic medium and delivered laser pulses with energy variable between 2.40 and 4.70 mJ, with 0.8 ns duration, suitable for inducing air breakdown phenomenon and engine combustion.
Highlights
Concern about the environment, which is degraded by hydrocarbon pollution and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the ongoing use of internal combustion engines, requires the development of alternative techniques to power engines, or the investigation of methods that can improve the performances of current engines
We report on the realization of an laser-spark plug (LSP) device in which the assembling of the optical components was performed using the low-stress Solderjet Bumping soldering technique.[16]
A monolithic resonator was obtained by coating the high reflectivity mirror on the Nd:YAG side facing the pump line; this Nd:YAG side was coated for high transmission (T > 0.98) at the pump wavelength of 807 nm
Summary
Concern about the environment, which is degraded by hydrocarbon pollution and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the ongoing use of internal combustion engines, requires the development of alternative techniques to power engines, or the investigation of methods that can improve the performances of current engines. We report on the realization of an LSP device in which the assembling of the optical components was performed using the low-stress Solderjet Bumping soldering technique.[16] The adapted LI device, here using soft-solder inorganic alloys, in contrast to commonly used organic adhesives It promises higher robustness[17,18] and assures space-compatible devices[18] while avoiding damage to the optical components.[19,20] The LSP optical design was performed to obtain a device that can induce air breakdown at a distance comparable to the electrical discharge distance of an ESP used for ignition in a real automobile engine. Such metallic interfaces can be obtained via physical vapor deposition (PVD) [Fig. 1(b)]
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