Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorus (balloon flower) and Codonopsis lanceolata (bonnet bellflower) are important herbs used in Asian traditional medicine, and both belong to the botanical family Campanulaceae. In this study, we designed and implemented a de novo DNA sequencing and assembly strategy to map the complete mitochondrial genomes of the first two members of the Campanulaceae using low-coverage Illumina DNA sequencing data. We produced a total of 28.9 Gb of paired-end sequencing data from the genomic DNA of P. grandiflorus (20.9 Gb) and C. lanceolata (8.0 Gb). The assembled mitochondrial genome of P. grandiflorus was found to consist of two circular chromosomes; the master circle contains 56 genes, and the minor circle contains 42 genes. The C. lanceolata mitochondrial genome consists of a single circle harboring 54 genes. Using a comparative genome structure and a pattern of repeated sequences, we show that the P. grandiflorus minor circle resulted from a recombination event involving the direct repeats of the master circle. Our dataset will be useful for comparative genomics and for evolutionary studies, and will facilitate further biological and phylogenetic characterization of species in the Campanulaceae.
Highlights
IntroductionThe large angiosperm Campanulaceae family comprises five subfamilies and over 2300 species
The large angiosperm Campanulaceae family comprises five subfamilies and over 2300 species.Members of this family—predominantly herbaceous perennials with capsular fruits—are found in almost all habitats [1]
P. grandiflorus, which is used as a vegetable and an ornamental plant, shows strong ecological adaptability facilitated by resistance to drought, cold, and disease [3,4]
Summary
The large angiosperm Campanulaceae family comprises five subfamilies and over 2300 species. Members of this family—predominantly herbaceous perennials with capsular fruits—are found in almost all habitats [1]. Several Campanulaceae species have been used as medicinal plants in. Platycodon grandiflorus (balloon flower) has distinct pharmacological effects in the treatment of coughs, excessive phlegm, and sore throats. Its root, called doraji in Korea, jiegeng in China, and kikyo in Japan, has been widely used as a traditional medicine in these countries [2]. P. grandiflorus, which is used as a vegetable and an ornamental plant, shows strong ecological adaptability facilitated by resistance to drought, cold, and disease [3,4]. Codonopsis lanceolata (bonnet bellflower) exhibits various health benefits including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, Genes 2018, 9, 383; doi:10.3390/genes9080383 www.mdpi.com/journal/genes
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