Abstract
Graphene and nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) were assembled on anion exchange resin (AER) microspheres based on the electrostatic interaction between graphene oxide sheets and AER and the subsequent chemical reduction. The prepared AER@graphene–NiNP composite core–shell microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, they were embedded in the bores of pipette tips to fabricate electrodes. The performance of the novel electrodes was demonstrated by measuring sucrose, glucose and fructose in combination with capillary electrophoresis. The three analytes were well separated within 8min in a 40cm long capillary at a separation voltage of 12kV. The graphene–NiNP composite microsphere electrodes exhibited higher sensitivity (213.578–317.064nAmM−1), lower detection limits (0.75–1.05μM) and enhanced separation efficiency in the detection of these carbohydrates. The advantages of the electrodes include ease of fabrication, low cost and pronounced electrocatalytic activity toward carbohydrates, indicating great promise for a wide range of applications.
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