Assembling and evaluation of new dehydrogenase enzyme electrode probes obtained by electropolymerization of aminobenzene isomers and PQQ on gold, platinum and carbon electrodes

Abstract

Pt, Au and graphite electrodes have been coated by electropolymerization of 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-diaminobenzene (DAB) and 4-aminobiphenyl in the presence of PQQ using cyclic voltammetry. The activity of the modified electrodes for the oxidation of paracetamol, ascorbic and uric acid was reduced by approximately 90% as compared to the bare electrodes. Polymerization in the presence 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-f)quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxilic acid, pyrroloquinolinequinone (PQQ) led, after optimization, to electrodes capable of catalysing the electroxidation of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form (NADH), in the range 10 −4–10 −2 mol/l with a detection limit of 5×10 −5 mol/l. Amperometric measurements of NADH have been carried out at +0·2 V and the efficiency of different electrodes based on different materials has been studied. By co-entrapment of dehydrogenase highly selective enzymes, electrodes for glucose, L-lactate and L-glutamate were obtained. Dehydrogenase substrates such as glucose, lactate and glutamate were measured in the range 5×10 −5–1×10 −2 mol/l, with detection limits of 10 −5,10 −5 and 5×10 −6 mol/l, respectively. Probe stability under non-dynamic conditions was evaluated over 2 months. All the probes showed a decrease of 10% over 1 month and a residual activity of 50% over 2 months.