Abstract
ObjectivelyTendinopathy is a common problem in sports medicine which can lead to severe morbidity. Aspirin, as the classical representative of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for its anti‐inflammatory and analgesic actions, has been commonly used in treating tendinopathy. While its treatment effects on injury tendon healing are lacking, illuminating the underlying mechanism may provide scientific basis for clinical treatment.Materials and methodsFirstly, we used immunohistochemistry and qRT‐PCR to detect changes in CD14, CD206, iNOS, IL‐6, IL‐10, MMP‐3, TIMP‐3, Col‐1a1, biglycan, Comp, Fibronectin, TGF‐β1，ACAN，EGR‐1 and FMOD. Next, Western blot was used to measure the protein levels (IL‐6, IL‐10, TGF‐β1, COMP, TIMP‐3, STAT‐3/P‐STAT‐3 and JNK/P‐JNK) in TSCs. Then, migration and proliferation of TSCs were measured through wound healing test and BrdU staining. Finally, the mechanical properties of injury tendon were detected.ResultsAfter aspirin treatment, the inflammation and scar formation in injury tendon were significantly inhibited by aspirin. Still, tendon's ECM was positively balanced. Increasing migration and proliferation ability of TSCs induced by IL‐1β were significantly reversed. JNK/STAT‐3 signalling pathway participated in the process above. In addition, biomechanical properties of injury tendon were significantly improved.ConclusionsTaken together, the findings suggested that aspirin inhibited inflammation and scar formation via regulation of JNK/STAT‐3 signalling and decreased rerupture risk of injury tendon. Aspirin could be an ideal therapeutic strategy in tendon injury healing.
Highlights
non‐steroidal anti‐in‐ flammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the function of the cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX‐1 and/or COX‐2), which cata‐ lyse the formation of prostaglandins
The inhibition of prostaglandin dampens inflammation and pain, and NSAIDs are effective at reliev‐ ing symptoms in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
Though ASA and especially its ramification have been widely used for the treat‐ ment of tendinopathy in clinical practice, few reports have shown the effect of aspirin on scar formation and injury tendon healing process
Summary
Tendons are connective tissues which attach muscle to bone and carry mechanical force, permitting joint and whole body move‐ ment.[1]. Scar formation may increase the fragility of tendon, which may induce risk of tendon rupture. Based on this, it is import‐ ant to treat tendinopathy in anti‐inflammation and inhibiting scar healing process. Anomalies in the ECM composition of the scar tissue after tendon injury may contrib‐ ute to a poor and delayed regeneration healing process resulting in compromised tissue quality[9]; for example, dexamethasone‐in‐ duced spontaneous tendon rupture and dexamethasone‐de‐ creased self‐repair capability are very common in clinical practice. The present study aimed to make clear that the effect of aspi‐ rin on TSCs viability in vitro, inflammation and regeneration healing process of tendinopathy and the mechanical properties of the injury tendon, and to provide new therapeutic knowledge of aspirin treat‐ ment on tendon injury
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