Aspiration pneumonia complicated by disseminated fungal sepsis in the setting of incidental esophagitis cystica: A rare autopsy case report with review of the literature

Abstract

Abstract Introduction/Objective Esophageal retention cysts are presumed to arise from obstruction of the excretory ducts of the submucosal glands of the esophagus. Since the first description by Kuhne in 1899, different terminologies have been used to denote these lesions including retention cysts, mucocele, esophagitis cystica, and cyst of esophageal submucosal gland duct. Esophageal retention cysts are generally benign, asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. However, a few studies have reported symptomatic dysphagia and to date, only one autopsy case report described esophageal retention cysts contributing to aspiration pneumonia and cause of death. Methods/Case Report We present a case of aspiration pneumonia, associated with both reduced oropharyngeal tone secondary to alcohol consumption and esophageal dysphagia due to esophagitis cystica in a 69 year old female with alcohol use disorder complicated by alcoholic liver disease. The patient was found unresponsive at home with bloody oral secretions and evidence of head trauma. On autopsy all lung lobes demonstrated that large and small airways and alveoli were filled with vegetable matter, associated with prominent bacterial and fungal forms. EVG stain demonstrated vascular disruption with red blood cell extravasation, next to a focus of aspiration pneumonia. This explained the patient’s “bloody oral secretions”, originating from the respiratory tract. Demonstration of fungal hyphae in sections from lungs as well as necrotic colon was consistent with disseminated fungal sepsis. While sections from esophagus showed no varices which could explain the patient’s “bloody oral secretions” in the setting of alcoholic liver disease, there were numerous dilated esophageal submucosal cysts. Cysts were lined by a single to double layer of cuboidal epithelium with eosinophilic cytoplasm and basally-located, bland-appearing nuclei. Conclusion In summary, we present a rare case of esophageal retention cyst associated aspiration pneumonia complicated by pulmonary hemorrhage, adding to the growing body of knowledge regarding fatal complications of these usually incidental lesions.