Aspergillus fumigatus DBM 4057 biofilm formation is inhibited by chitosan, in contrast to baicalein and rhamnolipid.

Abstract

The biofilms of filamentous-forming fungi are a novel and still insufficiently understood research topic. We have studied Aspergillus fumigatus, an ubiquitous opportunistic pathogenic fungus, as a representative model for a study of biofilm formation by filamentous fungi and for assessing the potential anti-biofilm activity of natural substances. The activity of antibiotic amphotericin B and selected natural substances: baicalein, chitosan and rhamnolipid was studied. The minimum suspension inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined and the biofilm susceptibility was investigated by determining the metabolic activity of sessile cells (XTT assay) and total biofilm biomass (crystal violet staining). Significant time-dependent differences in substances' anti-biofilm activity were observed. Images of A. fumigatus biofilm were obtained by Cellavista automatic light microscope and spinning disc confocal microscopy. Baicalein and rhamnolipid were not found as suitable substances for inhibition of the A. fumigatus biofilm formation, as neither of the substances inhibited the sessile cells metabolic activity or the total biofilm biomass even at tenfold MIC after 48h. In contrast, chitosan at 10×MIC (25µgmL-1), suppressed the biofilm metabolic activity by 90% and the total biofilm biomass by 80% even after 72h of cultivation. Amphotericin B inhibited only 14% of total biofilm biomass (crystal violet staining) and 35% of metabolic activity (XTT assay) of adherent cells under the same conditions. Our results therefore suggest chitosan as potential alternative for treating A. fumigatus biofilm-associated infections.