Aspects of Urolithiasis in Chadian Children: About of 191 Cases Collected at the Mother and Child University Hospital of N’Djamena (Chad)

Abstract

Introduction: Urolithiasis in children is not sufficiently documented in Chad. Objectives: The aim of this work was to report the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of urolithiasis in children in our environment. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of patients aged 0 - 15 years treated for urolithiasis between January 2015 and July 2020. The variables studied were age, gender, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects. Results: Among the 191 children, there were 164 boys (85.9%) and 19 girls (9.9%). The sex ratio was 8.63. The average age was 5.86 years with extremes (1 and 15 years). The symptomatology was dominated by dysuria. The ASP-ultrasound pair allowed the diagnosis in 183 cases (95.8%). The site of the calculus was bladder in 128 cases (67%). The average calculation size was 2.81mm. A supporting cause was found in only 1 case (posterior urethral valve). Treatment was surgical and dominated by cystolithotomy. The postoperative course was marked by 5 cases of parietal infections (2.6%) and 3 cases of vesico-cutaneous fistulas (1.6%). No case of death has been reported. Conclusion: Lithiasis is more common in boys in the lower urinary tract. Open surgery remains the only one practiced. Etiological research must be carried out to develop prevention strategies.