Abstract
The resonating valence bond (RVB) theories are reviewed with emphasis on their physical properties. It has turned out that the spin chirality is of particular importance in the RVB theories, which is expressed by the phase variables of the RVB order parameters. These phases, together with the Lagrange multiplier introduced to impose the local constraint, constitute the gauge field which ensures the local gauge symmetry of the theory. Each RVB state is characterized by (1) the statistics of the spinons and holons, (2) the volume in the k-space enclosed by the Fermi surface, (3) the existence or absence of the gap in the triplet excitations and (4) the dynamics of the gauge field. The normal state properties as well as the superconductivity are discussed for each of these states, and we propose the uniform RVB state as the most promising candidate to describe the high T c superconductors.
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