Aspects of the application of precision agriculture in the conditions of intensification of grain production in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Abstract

The results of three-year research during 2019-2021 on the study of the effectiveness of precision farming elements in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia are presented. The experiments were carried out on leached chernozem at the Irmen breeding farm, Ordynsky district, Novosibirsk region. Elements of precision farming were tested on grain crops: spring wheat: varieties Likamero, Novosibirskaya 31 and Omskaya 36; spring barley varieties: Paustian and Margret and oats varieties Rovestnik. Navigation and drones of varying degrees of complexity were used, as well as a complex of differentiated fertilization. The aim of the work was to improve the technology of precision farming in the production of grain crops in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The effectiveness of the use of precision farming elements has been established. Due to the introduction of differentiated doses of mineral fertilizers, the grain yield of wheat varieties increased by 27%, spring barley 33% and oats - 23%. Against the background of the use of geolocation technologies in combination with differentiated application of mineral fertilizers, the yield level reached 7 t/ha for spring soft wheat of the Licamero variety, 8 t/ha for spring barley Paustian, and 5.6 t/ha for oats. In order to obtain a high yield of grain crops, doses of mineral fertilizers were applied differentially according to elementary fields up to 25 Oct. per 1 hectare and liquid nitrogen fertilizers up to 200 l/ha UAN-32, which ensured not only a yield of up to 7 t/ha, but also high technological quality of grain with a gluten level in spring soft wheat of the Licamero variety - 36%.