Abstract
Freshwater fish populations in England and Wales form an important resource with up to 2.2 million anglers involved in the recreational fishery. The resource consists principally of indigenous and naturalised cyprinids, and strongholds of species endangered elsewhere in Europe. Each component is under pressure from a range of sources including water abstraction and climate change. Water resources are under significant pressure and droughts in parts of England and Wales exposed the fragility of water supply systems. Climate change is a major concern, driving a re‐assessment of water supply yields. There are no objective methods available to predict changes in fish communities likely to arise from different water resource management options, except for simple systems. It is difficult to manage water resources using anything other than a precautionary approach. Accurate assessment of environmental requirements are required to strike the right balance between the needs of aquatic ecosystems and of economic efficiency.
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