Abstract
This paper will be focused on an investigation in the expansion of cultural utopia through an invading anarchy in some characters of Ulysses. In the 18th and 19th century is widely perceived a new anarchy and utopia, different from that of religious connotation. In many utopian ideas, with anarchist connotation, is expressed the belief of creating a despotism, which lately will disappear to leave the place to a country avoiding class division, leading to the transformation of the individual. At the beginning supportive of Irish Renaissance, but shortly very critical, Joyce attempts to epitomize the spiritual emptiness linked to Irish Catholicism together with the absentee of ideas from its leaders in the independence movement of Ireland. In all his works prevail the perception that imperialism is sustained by a Catholicism that plays the role of a camouflaged European nationalism. Many controversies are the basis of Illuminist inspiration in the 19th century. Supposed to be the source of a changing society, they embraced much exclusion, starting from the fact that it was not taken into consideration the difficult situation of slaves, women, prohibited religions etc. Through an empirical analysis of some characters in Ulysses, I will arrive to the point to evaluate these ideas that perturb the characters of Ulysses, and above all Joyce himself, abound in the episodes of Ithaca, Nestor, Cyclopes, Thelemacus DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n3s1p317
Highlights
If we horizontally and vertically analyze the ideas of utopia developed during the years and centuries, it is clearly understood a transformation, as they become part of the structure of life and contemporary experience
The displacement of a culture taking the form of an invading anarchy is widely observed in many episodes of Ulysses
For the first time in the novel, Bloom exposes his heroism within a modernist approach and the universal anger against the citizen Cyclopes and every nationalist, imperialist ideology based on violence
Summary
If we horizontally and vertically analyze the ideas of utopia developed during the years and centuries, it is clearly understood a transformation, as they become part of the structure of life and contemporary experience. Manheim (1985) describes utopia as “a sort of passing orientation of the reality that at the same time rips the connections with that existing reality.” (p.173) At the core of different concepts on utopia, which prevailed in the western societies, was the ideal creation of a society. This concept varies from the search for reflection over a better life, but it can even change to a pursue of impressions not based on reality, being just an immeasurable project of human mind. While Thomas Moore in his book Utopia (1516), projects utopia as a way of thinking for different kinds of societies, maintains the notion of Manheim that a good living can be reached only outside the existing reality
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