Aspectos ecológicos da comunidade de Araneae (Arthropoda, Arachnida) em copas da palmeira Attalea phalerata Mart. (Arecaceae) no Pantanal de Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Abstract

Ecological aspects of a community of Araneae (Arthropoda, Arachnida) at the canopy of the palm Attalea phalerata Mart. (Arecaceae) in the Pantanal of Pocone, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Six palm trees of Attalea phalerata were sampled during the aquatic phase (high water) in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso (February 2001) using canopy fogging. The objective was to evaluate the composition, spatial distribution, behavioural guilds, biomass and seasonality of the community of Araneae at the crowns of these palm trees, which form monospecific stands that are typical of this region. A total of 1,326 spiders was collected in the 99 m2 sampling area (13.4 + 8.2 individuals/m2), representing 20 families, of which Salticidae and Araneidae were the most abundant. The total biomass of 704 spiders from three palm trees was 0.6172 mg dry weight (0.0123+ 0.04 mg/m2). In terms of behaviour guilds, ten groups were found, demonstrating the coexistence of many different groups in the same habitat. Members of the Salticidae, Oonopidae and Ctenidae were the dominant hunters and members of Araneidae and Dictynidae, the dominant orb-weavers. Analysis of the spatial distribution showed that the greatest abundance of spiders occurred in the central region of the crown, which probably provided access to the large number of resources available there. A comparison of these results with the ones obtained in the terrestrial phase (low water) revealed a seasonal difference that is influenced by the flood pulse in which there was a difference in the composition of the families in the high and low water.