Abstract
Regions of field-aligned ionization irregularities in F-region occurred at night, mainly during geomagnetic disturbance, and were observed by direct backscatter reflections (FAE). It is proposed that the irregularities were created at high latitudes and then drifted equatorwards; FAE also tended to occur most often when ƒ 0F2 was about 4 MHz. This hypothesis accounts for the observed temporal variations of FAE occurrence and an east-west shift of mean azimuth limits during the night. The irregularities possibly decreased in height as ƒ 0F2 or latitude decreased, and decreased in length with falling ƒ 0F2 . A strong correlation with spread- F and radio-star scintillations indicates that these types of irregularity might behave similarly. The different FAE shapes observed were apparently caused by different types of echoing region.
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