Abstract
Aim: To determine the association between the level of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and the condylar position in a university population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 41 university students between 18 and 27 years old (21±2.28). The level of TMD was determined using the Helkimo index modified by Maglione, whereas the condylar position was found radiographically by lateral scan. The association was evaluated using the Chi-square statistical test. Results: Statistically significant association was found between the TMD level and the condylar position in the female gender (p=0.003). The central condylar position was the most frequent in females (70.00%), while in males the highest frequency of condylar positions was posterior and anterior, 40.48% and 35.71% respectively. In mild TMD, the most frequent condylar position was central (46.34%), whilst non-centric positions were prevalent in moderate TMD, with 2.44%. There was no statistically significant association between the TMD level and the condylar position of the participants, nor in males (p>0.05). Conclusion: The TMD was associated with the condylar position in females of the university population studied, analyzed in lateral temporomandibular joint scans. Non-centric condylar positions were more frequent in the moderate TMD level and centric positions in mild TMD.
Highlights
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a clinical problem that affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the chewing muscles or a combination of these.[1]
When observing the level of TMD, according to the Helkimo index modified by Maglione, the results indicated that 95.12% of the participants presented mild TMD, 4.88% moderate TMD and there were no individuals with severe TMD or free of TMD
It is true that cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become the first choice to evaluate the condylar position, scientific evidence shows us that there are no significant differences between tomographic techniques and conventional radiographs for the precision of findings
Summary
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a clinical problem that affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the chewing muscles or a combination of these.[1]. The most widely used and accepted is the Helkimo index modified by Maglione, which allows to obtain better results in the severity distribution of clinical diagnosis, in addition to being simple, practical, economical and reliable.[7,8] Clinical diagnosis is important to detect TMJ alterations. These occur because the existing association between the articular disc and the condyle is modified,[9,10] sometimes producing a disc displacement that has been found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.[11,12,13]
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