Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la asociación de la práctica de actividad física (AF) con el bullying y ciberbullying. Participaron 1152 estudiantes españoles (50.9% chicas) entre 10 y 16 años (13.24 ± 1.78). La asociación entre variables se realizó mediante análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA). Este análisis se desarrolló por separado para chicos y chicas y se ajustaron por edad, índice de masa corporal, estudios de la madre y repetición de curso académico. Los resultados mostraron que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la victimización de bullying en los adolescentes respecto a su nivel de práctica semanal de AF (p>.05). Sin embargo, los chicos físicamente activos (al menos una hora de MVPA ≥ cinco días/semana) tenían un nivel mayor de agresión por bullying en comparación con los inactivos (p=.012; d = 0.218). En cuanto al ciberbullying, los resultados de victimización y agresión en función del nivel de AF semanal parece que no afecta en las chicas (todos p > .05), sin embargo, los estudiantes físicamente activos presentaron tanto menores niveles de victimización (p=.017; d=0.217) como de agresión (p=.060; d=0.468). Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones educativas multifacéticas que promuevan tanto la práctica de AF, como protección de la victimización en ciberbullying e intervención psicológica dirigida a la reeducación de los efectos de agresión asociados a su práctica. Palabras Clave: Actividad física, ejercicio físico, bullying, ciberbullying, victimización, agresión. Abstract. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between physical activity (PA) and bullying and cyberbullying. A total of 1152 Spanish students (50.9% girls) between 10 and 16 years of age (13.24 ± 1.78) participated. The association between variables was performed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). This analysis was performed separately for boys and girls and adjusted for age, body mass index, mother's education and repetition of academic year. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in bullying victimization in adolescents with respect to their level of weekly PA practice (p>.05). However, physically active boys (at least one hour of MVPA ≥ five days/week) had a higher level of bullying aggression compared to inactive ones (p=.012; d=0.218). Regarding cyberbullying, victimization and aggression scores as a function of weekly PA level appeared to be unaffected in girls (all p > .05), however, physically active students had both lower levels of victimization (p=.017; d=0.217) and aggression (p=.060; d=0.468). The results suggest the need to design multifaceted educational interventions that promote both PA practice, as protection from cyberbullying victimization, and psychological intervention aimed at the re-education of the aggression effects associated with its practice. Keywords: Physical activity, physical exercise, bullying, cyberbullying, victimization, aggression.
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