Abstract
Constipation is a common symptom affecting 2% to 27% of the population and resulting in about 2.5 million physician visits in the United States. 1 Sonnenberg A. Koch T.R. Physician visits in the United States for constipation: 1958-1986. Dig Dis Sci. 1989; 34: 606-611 Crossref PubMed Scopus (278) Google Scholar , 2 Pare P. Ferrazzi S. Thompson W.G. Irvine E.J. Rance L. An epidemiological survey of constipation in Canada: definitions, rates, demographics, and predictors of health care seeking. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001; 96: 3130-3137 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar The prevalence of constipation is higher in women than in men 3 Heaton K.W. Radvan J. Cripps H. Mountford R.A. Braddon F.E. Hughes A.O. Defecation frequency and timing, and stool form in the general population: a prospective study. Gut. 1992; 33: 818-824 Crossref PubMed Scopus (527) Google Scholar and increases with age. 4 Johanson J.F. Sonnenberg A. Koch T.R. Clinical epidemiology of chronic constipation. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1989; 11: 525-536 Crossref PubMed Scopus (195) Google Scholar Low socioeconomic status, physical inactivity, a history of sexual abuse, and depression have all been reported as risk factors for constipation. 5 Everhart J.E. Go V.L. Johannes R.S. Fitzsimmons S.C. Roth H.P. White L.R. A longitudinal survey of self-reported bowel habits in the United States. Dig Dis Sci. 1989; 34: 1153-1162 Crossref PubMed Scopus (338) Google Scholar
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