Abstract
<p class="Abstract">Abstract—The process of finding a route between the transmitter and the receiver node in the Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANets) is a renewed issue that is becoming more and more interesting to the researchers as this type of networks grow and expand. The dynamic nature of MANET and the limited capabilities of wireless nodes in terms of memory size and battery charge are the most important obstacles to the routing (path-finding) process between nodes. In this research, we introduced a new protocol based on the well-known DSR protocol to add a mechanism that controls the RREQ Flooding process, which aims to reach more stable (life-long) routes while reducing the overhead of routing process caused by link breakage between nodes and reduce the overhead of network flooding with RREQ messages with each attempt to find a path. In this proposed mechanism, a specific group is selected from within the devices adjacent to the transmitter to be sent RREQ so that these devices are selected based on the stability evaluation criterion. The stability criterion is calculated based on three weighted factors: the speed of the node, the out-degree value (the number of adjacent nodes), and the number of tracks stored in the device memory. The proportion of devices selected is automatically changed adaptively to ensure that the expected throughput of this network is achieved. The proposed protocol was tested using simulation where results showed that ASDSR proved an enhancement in route stability about (0.13), and a decrease in the number of deleted routes by (9%), while maintaining the expected packet delivery ratio of the original DSR by about (0.86).</p>
Highlights
Mobile Ad hoc network, a term considering networks in which nodes are free to move from location to another while there is no infrastructure to connect and manage transaction between them [16]
These combinations were used in the stage of evaluating the performance of the proposed Adaptive Stable DSR Protocol (ASDSR) protocol as a test values: 1. (OF) Out-degree Factor [20 60 20]: the values for the weights (α, β, γ) are chosen so that the out-degree of neighbor node will have the highest weight; assuming that the node with more neighbors is more likely to result in a stable path passing through it, denoted by Out-degree factor (OF)
3. (SRF) Stored Rout Factor [20 20 60]: in this scenario, stability value is biased towards node that has more stored routes in its memory since it is the highly active node and it is a trusted node to get stable routes passing through this node, denoted by stored routes factor (SRF) 4. (EDW) distributed Weights [30 40 30]: by giving each factor a nearly equal weight without biasing towards any of them, assuming that all factors are important and affects the process of selecting a stable route
Summary
Mobile Ad hoc network, a term considering networks in which nodes are free to move from location to another while there is no infrastructure to connect and manage. DSR is one of the reactive routing protocols in MANET, DSR relies on searching for the route once it is required [27] This process involves two stages: route discovery; which includes flooding of a packet called Route Request (RREQ) message that passes through the network looking for a route to the destination node. The first RREQ received by (N21) will be considered as the desired route and node (N21) in its role, will generate Route Reply Message (RREP) and send it back through the found path until reaching the sender N1. During this process, each node inside this route will save the route to (N21) in its memory. (N1) will save the route (N3, N10, N22, N21), (N3) will save a route to node (N21) too, which is (N10, N22, N21), and (N10) will save the route (N22, N21)
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