Abstract
We studied the impact of animal manure that was mixed with biochar (a product of wood pyrolysis) on the nitrates (NO−3), vitamin C, total phenols, and soluble sugars concentrations in tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum var. Marglobe) of plants that were grown in raised plastic-mulch of freshly tilled soils. Sewage sludge (SS), horse manure (HM), chicken manure (CM), vermicompost (worm castings), commercial inorganic fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer, and bare soil used for comparison purposes were the soil amendments. Each of the seven treatments was mixed with 10% (w/w) biochar to make a total of 42 treatments. Chemical analysis of mature tomato fruits revealed that the fruits of plants grown in SS amended soil contained the greatest concentration of NO−3 (17.2 µg g−1 fresh fruits), whereas those that were grown in SS biochar amended soils contained the lowest concentrations of nitrate (5.6 µg g−1 fresh fruits) compared to other soil treatments. SS that was amended with biochar increased vitamin C and total phenols in tomato (22 and 27 µg g−1 fresh fruits, respectively) when compared to SS alone (11µg g−1 fresh fruits). Growers and scientists are seeking strategies to increase antioxidants and reduce anti-nutritional compounds, like nitrates in food, while recycling animal waste. The results of this investigation revealed the role of biochar in reducing nitrates and optimizing the nutritional composition of tomato.
Highlights
Tomato has been a significant part of culinary culture worldwide after the exploration of theNew World in the 1400’s, and it has since become ubiquitous worldwide as an important foodstuff [1].Tomato is the second most popular vegetable that is consumed in the United States [2] and it has long been recognized as a dominant crop of the worldwide economy [3]
Regardless greater when compared to plants grown in soils amended with organic fertilizers
Regardless of biochar treatments, the total number of fruits obtained from the vermicompost significantly greater when compared to chicken manure (CM) and biochar mixed with vermicompost treatments treatments greater when to in CMnutrient and biochar mixed with vermicompost
Summary
Tomato is the second most popular vegetable that is consumed in the United States [2] and it has long been recognized as a dominant crop of the worldwide economy [3]. Tomato accumulates large amounts of nitrate like most vegetables. Nitrate ions in food are due to the addition of nitrogen fertilizers, decaying plants, and animal manure application to agricultural soils and other organic residues or food additives in canned vegetables. Human and animal exposure to nitrate is exogenous (originating from outside an organism), which mainly occurs from intake of vegetables and other foods. Due to the increased use of nitrogen fertilizers and livestock manure in intensive agriculture systems, vegetables, and drinking water may contain high concentrations of nitrate [6].
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