Ascorbic acid and the eye lens.

Abstract

Exposure of mice to hyperbaric oxygen leads to an inhibition of the mitotic activity in the germinative epithelium of the lens. This is followed by an eventual development of cataracts. Cataracts have also been observed in human beings treated with hyperbaric oxygen for different afflictions. The lens damage and cataract formation appears to be due to in situ generation of active radicals and other active species of oxygen. These oxygen derivatives may also contribute to the multifactorial process of senile cataract formation in human beings. This hypothesis is based on in vitro experiments with rat lenses cultured in medium generating oxygen radicals, the generation of the radicals being accomplished either photochemically or enzymatically. The ability of the lens to transport rubidium and amino acids from such a medium is adversely affected. This is a recognized index of the damage to the tissue physiology. Scavengers of active oxygen species have been found to protect against this damage. Ascorbate, present in concentrations similar to that in the primate aqueous and lens, is also protective. The studies, therefore, point to an antioxidant and perhaps an anti-cataract effect of ascorbate. Pyruvate is another agent useful in this regard.