Abstract
Silver nanoparticle synthesis of the leaf extract Tagetes erecta L. enriched with ascorbic acid and polyphenols has been investigated. The color of the golden yellow extract has changed to pinkish-brown due to the reduction of Ag+ to the colloidal solution of AgNPs and a sharp absorption peak at 420 nm under the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. In addition, the Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) estimation was completed in order to recognize and identify the biomolecules present in the extract acting as a reducing and capping agent for the AgNPs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks at (111), (201), (220), and (311) confirm the presence of monoclinic crystals in the solution. The morphology and size of the particles were provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of AgNPs. At a scale of 100 nm, synthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical with a size range of 7-35 nm. In comparison to 7.39 mg/100 g in AgNPs, aqueous leaf extract was 55.14 mg/100 g higher in ascorbic acid. The phenolic and flavonoid content of extract was 52.54 ± 2.15 mg (GAE/100 g) and 15.43 ± 0.34 mg (QE/mL), and the colloidal AgNP solution was 21.45 ± 1.15 mg (GAE/100 g) and 8.05 ± 2.42 mg (QE/mL), respectively. Phenolic and flavonoid contents play a major role as a reducing agent and reduce the precursor AgNO3 into AgNPs. The DPPH scavenging assay also assessed the antioxidant properties of extract and its derived AgNPs. As compared antioxidant value to aqueous leaf extract (mg/mL), higher percentage inhibition (PI) was found in AgNPs and free-radical scavenging activity of extract and AgNPs were directly linked to their concentrations. Results of this research have discovered a higher potential for free-radical scavenging AgNPs and will help to develop new and more potent antioxidants for the treatment of different diseases caused by oxidative stress; the higher antioxidant properties bearing AgNPs might be used.
Highlights
Today, a lot of novel protocols have been developed for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis with different shapes and sizes that has been attractive to nanotechnologist as well as biologist [1, 2]
Leaf extract of Tagetes erecta visual color golden yellow changes into pinkish-brown, this may be done to the reduction of Ag+ from AgNO3 into the Ag0 in the colloidal solution of AgNPs, and a sharp absorption peak was obtained at 420 nm under a UV-Vis spectrophotometer
DPPH was reduced by accepting the hydrogen or electrons from silver nanoparticles, and this mechanism was quantified changing the color from purple to yellow by a spectrophotometer. This assay is frequently used in the measurement of the free-radical scavenging capacity of compounds present in medicinal plant extracts [56]. These results revealed that the AgNPs had greater free-radical scavenging potential than aqueous leaf extract of Tagetes erecta
Summary
A lot of novel protocols have been developed for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis with different shapes and sizes that has been attractive to nanotechnologist as well as biologist [1, 2]. Literatures available on different platforms regarding silver nanoparticle synthesis from biological material include plant leaf extracts from Azadirachta indica [13], Cassia tora [14], Dracocephalum moldavica [15], Elephantopus scaber [16], and Ziziphora tenuior [17]. Despite the recent advances in the field of nanobiotechnology, we have not been able to establish exactly how different bioactive compounds in plants contribute in nanoparticle synthesis and why different plants exhibit different levels of nanoparticle synthesis even after applying the same protocol for the synthesis One hypothesis for this is that each species has different levels of bioactive compounds and as some of these contribute greatly in nanoparticle synthesis, it is important to figure out their exact role in nanoparticle synthesis so that a standardized protocol for a large scale production could be developed which is a currently major drawback associated with biosynthesized nanoparticles that the amount of synthesized nanoparticles varies every time
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