Ascorbic Acid: A New Player of Epigenetic Regulation in LPS-gingivalis Treated Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells.

Guya D Marconi,Oriana Trubiani,Jacopo Pizzicannella,Sara Franchi,Simone Guarnieri,Luigia Fonticoli,Francesca Diomede,Marcos F X B Cavalcanti,Valentina Gatta,Ayman Mahmoud

doi:10.1155/2021/6679708

Abstract

Periodontitis is usually sustained from microorganism of oral cavity, like Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Periodontal disease is an infectious disease that afflicts a large number of people. Researches are investigating on the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) response to inflammatory events in combination with antioxidant substances. In particular, ascorbic acid (AA) increased cell proliferation, upregulated the cells pluripotency marker expression, provide a protection from inflammation, and induced the regeneration of periodontal ligament tissue. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects of AA in primary culture of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) exposed to P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS-G). The effect of AA on hPDLSCs exposed to LPS-G was determined through the cell proliferation assay. The molecules involved in the inflammatory pathway and epigenetic regulation have been identified using immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. miR-210 level was quantified by qRT-PCR, and the ROS generation was finally studied. Cells co-treated with LPS-G and AA showed a restoration in terms of cell proliferation. The expression of NFκB, MyD88, and p300 was upregulated in LPS-G exposed cells, while the expression was attenuated in the co-treatment with AA. DNMT1 expression is attenuated in the cells exposed to the inflammatory stimulus. The level of miR-210 was reduced in stimulated cells, while the expression was evident in the hPDLSCs co-treated with LPS-G and AA. In conclusion, the AA could enhance a protective effect in in vitro periodontitis model, downregulating the inflammatory pathway and ROS generation and modulating the miR-210 level.

Highlights

In the last few years, regenerative medicine based its success on the role of human mesenchymal stem cells
Human human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) show a typical fibroblastoid morphology, and they are able to adhere to plastic surfaces (Figure 1(a))
Periodontitis is sustained by a definite oral microorganism that is localized in the gum plaque, as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Summary

Introduction

In the last few years, regenerative medicine based its success on the role of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). HMSCs can differentiate and expand into mature cells as osteoblast, adipocytes, and chondroblasts and maintain the stem cell population [2]. They express specific surface markers, such as CD105, CD90, and CD73 and lack the expression for HLA-DR, CD45, CD34, and other hematopoietic markers [3]. These multipotent cells are located in different sites of the body. The bone marrow represents the gold standard tissue to isolate the hMSCs, but they can be detected in the adipose and dental tissues, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, and amniotic

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