Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside Pretreatment Protects Cells from Ionizing Radiation, UVC, and Short Wavelength of UVB.

Junko Maeda,Coral E Froning,Allison J Allum,Jacob T Mussallem,Takamitsu A Kato,Alexis H Haskins,Mark A Buckner,Chris D Miller

doi:10.3390/genes11030238

Abstract

Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G), glucosylated ascorbic acid (AA), has superior properties for bioavailability and stability compared to AA. Although AA2G has shown radioprotective properties similar to AA, effects for UV light, especially UVC and UVB, are not studied. AA2G was tested for cytotoxicity and protective effects against ionizing radiation, UVC, and broadband and narrowband UVB in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and compared to AA and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Pretreatment with DMSO, AA, and AA2G showed comparative protective effects in CHO wild type and radiosensitive xrs5 cells for cell death against ionizing radiation with reducing the number of radiation-induced DNA damages. Pretreatment with AA and AA2G protected CHO wild type and UV sensitive UV135 cells from UVC and broadband UV, but not from narrowband UVB. DMSO showed no protective effects against tested UV. The UV filtration effects of AA and AA2G were analyzed with a spectrometer and spectroradiometer. AA and AA2G blocked UVC and reduced short wavelengths of UVB, but had no effect on wavelengths above 300 nm. These results suggest that AA2G protects cells from radiation by acting as a radical scavenger to reduce initial DNA damage, as well as protecting cells from certain UVB wavelengths by filtration.

Highlights

Radioprotective agents are important tools for radiation protection
This study showed that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), one of the longest studied and best radioprotective agents and hydroxyl radical scavengers, had no protective effects against UVC and UVB exposure (Figures 6 and 8)
This study showed that Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G) has the ability to be a radioprotector and has positive protective effects for UVC and the short wavelength region of UVB

Summary

Introduction

Radioprotective agents are important tools for radiation protection. Since radiation induced damage is produced on the order of milliseconds after radiation exposure, the strategy for radioprotection is the administration of a radical scavenger before irradiation. Many agents were studied, and radioprotective properties of sulfhydryl residues in cysteine and cysteamine were identified [1,2]. Amifostine (WR-2721) was developed and approved for clinical use [3]. Amifostine is the only clinically approved agent and still shows high toxicity. Investigation of novel radioprotectants is necessary for clinical and practical uses to protect patients from unwanted side effects and the general public from nuclear incidences

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion