Abstract
The structure of the familiar antioxidant ascorbate was described in 1933, yet its biosynthesis in plants remained elusive in the next half decade. It became clear from radioisotopic labeling studies in the 1950s that plant ascorbate biosynthesis does not proceed in a route similar to that in mammals. Although ascorbate biosynthesis and metabolism pathway in animals has been elucidated in 1960s, the counterpart pathway in plants was not identified until the Smirnoff pathway was proposed in the late 1990s. The description in 1996 of an Arabidopsis mutant deficient in ascorbate prompted renewed research effort in this area, and subsequently in 1998, d-mannitol/l-galactose pathway was proposed that is backed by strong biochemical and molecular genetic evidence.
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