Ascending connections from the caudal part to the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat

Abstract

The brainstem trigeminal somatosensory complex, while sharing many common aspects with the spinal somatosensory system, displays features specific to orofacial information processing. One of those is the redundant representation of peripheral structures within the various subnuclei of the complex. A functional redundancy also exists since a single sensory modality, e.g. nociception, may be processed within different subnuclei. In the present study, we addressed the question whether anatomical connections from the caudal part to the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus may support topographical and functional redundancy within the rat trigeminal somatosensory complex. The retrograde tracer tetramethylrhodamine-dextran was injected iontophoretically into the oral subnucleus of anaesthetised rats. Cell bodies labelled retrogradely from the oral subnucleus were observed in laminae III–IV and V of the ipsilateral caudal subnucleus consistently, and to a lesser degree in lamina I. Such a distribution of retrogradely labelled cells suggested that specific subsets of neurones may relay nociceptive information, and others non-nociceptive information. Furthermore, intratrigeminal connections conserved the somatotopic distribution of primary afferents in the two subnuclei. First, injections of tracer in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral parts of the oral subnucleus resulted in retrograde labelling of the dorsal and ventral parts of the caudal subnucleus respectively. Second, animals that received tracer into the ventrolateral oral subnucleus displayed more caudal labelling than animals that were injected into the dorsomedial oral subnucleus. These findings show the existence of anatomical connections from the caudal part to the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat. The connections conserve the somatotopic distribution of primary afferents in the two subnuclei. They provide an anatomical substrate for the indirect activation of trigeminal oral subnucleus neurones by somatosensory stimuli through the caudal subnucleus.