Abstract
We introduce a novel medium access control (MAC) protocol for radio frequency identification (RFID) systems which exploits the statistical information collected at the reader. The protocol, termed adaptive slotted ALOHA protocol (ASAP), is motivated by the need to significantly improve the total read time performance of the currently suggested MAC protocols for RFID systems. In order to accomplish this task, ASAP estimates the dynamic tag population and adapts the frame size in the subsequent round via a simple policy that maximizes an appropriately defined efficiency function. We demonstrate that ASAP provides significant improvement in total read time performance over the current RFID MAC protocols. We next extend the design to accomplish reliable performance of ASAP in realistic scenarios such as the existence of constraints on frame size, and mobile RFID systems where tags move at constant velocity in the reader's field. We also consider the case where tags may fail to respond because of a physical breakdown or a temporary malfunction, and show the robustness in those scenarios as well.
Highlights
Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems provide an efficient and inexpensive mechanism for automatically collecting the identity information of an object [1, 2]
We propose a novel medium access control (MAC) protocol for RFID systems that have a large number of passive tags
We demonstrate that adaptive slotted ALOHA protocol (ASAP) has impressive performance in all scenarios we consider for dense RFID systems, and outperforms previously proposed MAC protocols including [11]
Summary
Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems provide an efficient and inexpensive mechanism for automatically collecting the identity information of an object [1, 2]. There has been an intense effort towards the development of RFID systems for their many promising applications from providing security to factory automation to supermarket checkouts [5, 6]. All of these envisioned applications call for a need to deploy a large number of tags in small geographical areas and have the tags autonomously communicate with the reader(s). RFID systems of the near future will be dense wireless networks with limited radio resources that will have to be shared by the tags via contention-based methods. These systems will be considered operational when most or all of the tags in a reader field are successfully identified in a short amount of time
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