Abstract
Low toxicity, high biodegradability, renewability and high viscosity index of the plant (vegetable) oils made it have immense potential to replace the mineral cooling fluids. This study aims to evaluate the wear and friction behaviour characteristics of the corn fluid as a renewable bio-fluid resource. Base on the ASTM G-99 standard, behaviour characteristics of fluid were examined in terms of kinematic viscosity, friction force, coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter, and flash temperature parameter. Each experiment was do during one hour and 800 rpm as a rotation speed of disk and under four different loads 5,10,15,20 kg using the ball on disk tester, the (Mobil hydraulic fluid 424) used as a mineral cooling hydraulic fluid sample for compared the results. Based on the results, it was found that under low loads (5 and 10kg) the performance of vegetable fluid (corn) is better than the mineral hydraulic fluid (463.38 & 469.84 μm under 5kg and 567.1&593.74 μm under 10 kg respectively), also the values of friction coefficient of vegetable fluids were lower under high load as in the case of normal load 20 kg., which was 0.0159 for the corn and 0.0230 for the mineral fluid. Finally, it is concluded that the corn fluid could be an alternative renewable working cooling fluid due to its adequate performance.
Highlights
The working fluids play a large and important role in most mechanical engineering and industrial applications, whether as a metal working fluids, lubricating oils, cooling fluids or hydraulic liquids for transfer the motion and energy
Most studies have shown that vegetable fluids have potential use as biodegradable fluids in different applications which including hydraulic fluids, lubricant and working fluids [6;7].In reviewing the literature, various studies related to the bio-fluids properties have been carried out for example: evaluated the characterization of the palm oil and palm olein oil as a metal shaping liquid [8; 9] and investigated the potential of plant fluids as a bio-hydraulic fluid [10;11]
For carry out the required tests in this investigation, the ball on disk machine as shown in Figure.1 was utilized [15;16]. It is an integrated rig managed by a specific data acquisition system through a personal computer (PC), this machine can be used to conduct a lot of tests concerning the operating fluids, lubricant and hydraulic fluids of all kinds under a broad range of tests and conditions
Summary
The working fluids play a large and important role in most mechanical engineering and industrial applications, whether as a metal working fluids, lubricating oils, cooling fluids or hydraulic liquids for transfer the motion and energy. Increasing the environmental problems because of the pollution (approximately 12 million tons of mineral fluids waste are released into rivers, agricultural land and environment) and growing interest in the environment have led to increased search and develop for new and environmentally friendly sources of working fluids, lubricant and oils that cause relatively less damage to the environment and make them compatible with requirements of the machines, these liquids (bio-fluids) are classified as renewable, sustainable resources ,natural, biodegradability and non- toxic [1,2,3,4]. Blend of the palm olein with the (TertiaryButyl-Hydroquinone) as anti–oxidation was investigated as a bio-fluid by using the four- ball tester, the outcomes revealed that the additional (TBHQ) exhibited reduction in friction coefficient and provide a smooth
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